Pressure fluid motor



' Massachusetts -Apgliation June-14,

Sullivan Machinery lCompany, 'a vcorporation of Renewed June 5, 1939` Myinventionv relates to pressure fluid motors,

and more particularlyr to. improved blow'varying means for a percussivemotor of thetype normally usedl forrock drilling vandsimilar'purposeszfyAn object of myy invention is` tol provide' an improved pressure iluidhammer motor having incorporated therein vimproved fblow varying means.Another; objectis to provide an improved pressure fluid motor of theimpact type especially ,designed for usewith rock drills .or-

other impacttools andhaving .improved means incorporated therein forvarying ,the blow struck so .thatv heavy; medium or. lightr blows maybe; transmitted to the working-z implement as desired.

Still another objectfof {they invention is to provide animproved'pressure fluid motor of. the

. type mentioned having improvedgblowvarying j from one blow-force-.toganother, and in* which 2.0

means permitting vextremely simple `changing improved means .is providedfor precluding any irregularity in the, operatiOnoifthe-motor duringvdrilling `in ground 'Wherefrearward" movements oithepiston are retardeddue to resistance4 to'. rotation-1 These' and other .f objects .ofy theinventionwill hereinafter more'fullyappear.`A f In the accompanying-`drawingin-which there is shown for purposes kofillustration' one formwhich the invention maylfassume `in;practice,

i Fig.v 1 is aviewin longitudinal'section through apercussive motorhaving `embodied therein 'the illustrative.` embodiment.

varying means. f v section on aplane sponding to the line 2-L2 of Fig.1.

ofthe improved blow A Fig.3 ista.horizontal.sectionfon"a'plane:corresponding. tothe line 3 3of Figli.

Fig. 4v is affragmentary sectional rview on the plane ofthe section line4-4`fof Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is' a. view-similar tothataof F1g. -4 .miv

5 5 of Figiz. 6 is a transversellsectionona plane corresponding totheline-'S-'B of Fig-1*.r

Fig. .7 is a sectional/view through taken on he planet-corresponding...to theA `line Fig. .8" is'a viewgpartially 'in Eelet'rationandi.

:partially in transverse section o'n'the plane Vcorparts in 'a'different position.

` Fig. 9 isy aseotion onlthel-plane l Referring to thev drawing; it-

be observed that .a pressure fluid .operated percussivermotor l isshownzand .has. a cylinder;v 2y having ,a bore ,(CiLv 121%12) l lthedriu cylinderilon al plane corresponding to the line corresponding 3in whicha hammer piston ll.A is reciprocable. e The. hammer piston 4 hasa striking b ar 5- having'v grooves therein which cooperate 'with a"chuck nut 'l. -to effectfrotation, lj/,h r'oughy anysuitable-mechanism, of a percussivetool 8 which is'adapted to be .struckbythestriking bar`5 v vonthe vforward movements of the `hammer pistonIntermittent rotation of the hammerpis-y Iton .iseffected ley-means 'ofariebar I IJ, herein lformed integral .with its paWl carrie1;|lsupporting. 'pawls rl2f'cooperating withftheratchet ring 3 inounted v4inarear headmember i4' Whichycooperates with the cylinder 'A2 inmaintaining in position a rear cylinder head l5.v `A valve mechanismgenerallyr designated I6 comprisesv a -valve, chest 'l'ljhavingf a lbore*18. in which11a n iulti-spool valve ,|51 is' reciprocably mounted.`@Under the control of amanually'mov- "able throttle valve 2.0,pressure'iiuid isadmitted fromjanysuitable supply connection 2| throughv20 a passage 22 to ahcentral supply-groove 23.in zthe valvelchestyandgroove 24 in the `valve .19' isadapted to connect the supply groove 23withthe-pas'sage 25 opening Vinto the "rear end of the cylinder bore 3tofefect forward motion of the piston. Another groove'v 26 in thevalve'V I9 is adapted toconnectthe supply. groove '23,v infa l differentposition ofthevalve, with a passage `21 leadingv to tl'lef forward endof the `'cylinder looreil;` vExhaust]grooves 28, 29 ar e lformed in4thevalve chest and are alternatively connectible respectively with theoonnectionsmZE and 21 I to effect exhaust from the rear and forwardendsv of the cylinder.` The valve |9.is thrown in opposite directions bylappropriate meansv the means for throwing thevalve tothepo'sition`foreiectvinder including va port 32,; opening `into the'boreunlgzovered.after the piston 4 has traveled .apredetermined-'desiredamount in a rearWar'd'direc-i 'f tion, `the port 324 being connectedbya. passage l33 with the space 34 at the rearward endoi the valvechest. vr Y As the force o the -blow struckwill vary with the timewhen the valveyI9 is thrown into its position vfor interrupting fluid supplyvto therear end vof `the piston,: it will .be seen that by appropriatelyvarying" the instant-of admissionof throwing uid to theforward end ofthe valve, 50

` v loe 'accpmplishedr For thek purpose of providing v for this result,I have shown herein three throwingpassag'esj extending through the walloi the 55 ing admission'to, the 'rearward end of the .cyl-

of the cylinder ata position in which'itl will be y -dilerent periods ofadmission tothe rear end ofv the vcylinder and diieren't forces-of blowcan j spectively, these'passages being spaced apart byv .'30

cylinder `radially at a point just forward of thel forward end of thevalve chest. The three passages mentioned are respectively designated36, 31 and 38, and the outer ends of these passages open into -a b'ore39 in which there isrotatably mounted an annular valve 4U whosestructure will be 'shortly described. The passage 31 is providedwith anVV,enlargen'ient 42 at its inner end.;r

and the rearwardend of this enlargement is uncovered bythe piston 4 onthe forward strokey of the latter somewhat before the mouth 32 of theport 33 is covered.v The passage-'38 has at `its innerye'nd a stilllonger enlargement 43,1and

its rearward end is uncovered by the piston 4 on the forward strokes ofthe-.latter at a stillfearlierv time. The valve 40 is provided with aperipheral notch which opens at thel peripheryA ofV the valve intocommunication with the outer ends of the passages '36, 31 and 38,selectively, while'V the notch also lopens through the end'face` 46 ofthe valve,` andl therefore'- is f communicable selectively withthe outerends of :passages 41,` 48 ,v and 49 extending through the -end of avalve chest bushing 59 `and lying in the` same radial planesrespectively with the ports .-36, 31 and 38 in the cylinder wallfl They,valve member 4G is' also'provided with a-pair of passages extendingobliquely thereinand numbered 5I and 52 re- 'agreater angle than theangular Ydistance between` the passages 48 and 49,` the langle betweenthem being so selected that when the notch i 45 is'xin communicationwith the port* 31 the passage 5l will be in. communication with the port49. Correspondingly, when'thev notch 45 is in' communication with` theport 38 the passage 52 lwill be in communication `with the port 48.endsnopen into an annular internal recess 53 inthe valve member 40. Thevalve member. is

4slidablyr supported on a boss 54- formedl integral withthe liner member5land houses a spring 55 whichabuts a shoulder v5t at the rearward endofthe annular recess 53 and at its forward end `abuts a transversepin A5lysecured in the projecting boss; and said spring normally presses thevalve `member 46 ,intol its rearward position. For lthe -purpose ofholding the valve `member 45 i. in thedesireddiiferentangular relations,it

is provided witha pin 58 whichis-adapted to cooperate withI dilerent4ones of threenotches 55, 53 `and A6l suitably formed in thev forwardface of-the valve chest member sor ythat the notch 45 may come oppositethehdesired on of the several passages 31, 3S` and 38. The mode oioperation` of thel device will be readily understood from what has beensaid. With the valve 49 in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and heldin that position by engagement of the pin 53 with the notch 6D, it willbe readily understood that the motor will operate in an entirely normalmanner, the `lvalve being'thrown inarearward directionv to interruptadmission to the rearward end of the cylinder and initiate Vadmission tothe forward end of the motor cylinder whentn'e rearward end of thepiston uncovers the inner end of the port 36. With the valve 40 in', theposition just described, the endV of the valve member 4B will blank olfthegports'48 and 4S. When a lighter blowis desired, the valve member 46will be retracted against the force of the `spring to withdraw thep'in58 fromthe notch `33 and cause its engagement in the notch 53,'`a`s'in Fig. 8. This will bring the' notch 45 inthe valve 49 opposite theport 31 and will con-` The passages 5I an-d 52 at theirl forwardA 'means'including a plurality `of passages having communication-= with theCylinder-bci'e and .re-

s neet, throughthe notch 45, the port 431 with the passage 243.v

. the passage 43 with the atmosphere (see Fig. 9). i It will be observedthat the piston 4 on its for- The passage y5! will then connect wardtravel willnow uncover the rearward end of' the enlargement 42 at theinner lend of the throwing passage 31 earlier in the forward stroke ofthe piston, and accordingly will shift the valve I9 to` eiectrcut-off.for the rear end of the cylinder vand admissicn'to the forward end `oi"the cylinder earlier in the' stroke.

The size of the passage 5l will `oe made such as to` prevent its "havingany material 'eflect on the rearward throwing of the valve yI9. Itsutility will be appreciated'v'zhen it is understood that upon the"rearward strokes of the piston 4 such as might occur-in drilling'invery l sticky ground, ,a retardation of the piston 4 might' give time,after the` passage32 is uncovered `by,` the forward end of the pistonand ybefore therearward end of the enlarged mouth-'42v ofthepassage 31is covered, for forward throwof the valve 'I9 'and some admission'.throughfthe passage 25 to the rear end of `the vcylinder1 and ybackthrough the passage 42 to .the rfront face of the valve, andcauseinterference with smooth working of the motor.

When a still shorter stroke is desired,fthe valve 48 will be pulledoutwardlyv against vthe pressure of the springb and rotatedato bring thenotch 45 `opposite, the passage 38.` This'will cause the earliestvadmission tothe `front end of ,the valve chest, and accordingly thelightest blow. The` danger of iuttering of the valve and irregularityofv motor operationlwill also-be4 precluded inthis case because-thepassage `52 will then come` oplposite ther'port 48-andlbleed`away anypressure which mightentertheextreme 'end of the passage-43, andsoprevent its tending to throw the valvein lthe opposite direction. v

From the foregoing 4description it ywill-be observed that I haveprovided an extremely simple andl convenient' arrangement :for effectinga lvariation in the force'of'blow struck. It will be noted thatetheparts are in convenient position, occupyextrem'elylittle space, arereadily adjustable, and not onlyprovide for. the Lnecessary prethrowing,as it:were,of the valve'to effect a reduction z in l Aithe. .force ofblow, but also guard against' any fluttering-of the valve and any ir-.regularity of `operation due to the `provision of the facilitiesforvalve throwing..

p and throwingmeansffor said valve .including a vpressure area von saidvalve'effective .on fluid admission thereto,` to shift said 4valve toaposition -for effecting interruption of admission .to the rear end ofthe `cylinder and admission yto the forward end ofthe latter and means`for conducting pressure fluid from'the'cylinder bore to rsaid pressurearea on said .valve at differenttimes during the forwar'dvtravel of thepiston, said spectively initially vuncovered by the pistonk at differenttimes in the forward travel of the l piston, and adjustable meansincluding a rotary 2. Infa pressure fluid hammer motor, a cyl-,

inder having a bore, a hammer piston reciprocable in said bore, afluidactuated distributing valve, and throwing means therefor includinga pressure area on said valve effective on fluid admission thereto toshift said valve to a position for effecting .interruption of admissionto the rear end of the cylinder and admission to the forward end of thelatter and means for conducting pressure fluid from said cylinder boreto' said pressure area on said valve at different times during theforward travel of the piston, said means including a plurality ofpassages having communication with the cylinder bore and respectivelyinitially uncovered by said pistonat different times in the forwardtravel of the pisy ton and adjustable means including a rotary valvemember arranged coaxially with said fluid distributing valve forselectively rendering said passages effective upon movement of saidrotary valve into different positions, and means 'flor providing arestricted vent for said area made effective when said rotary valvemember is in any of its positions for effecting earlier distributingvalve throw.

3. In a pressure fluid hammer motor, a cylinv der having a bore, ahammer piston reciprocable therein, a fluid actuated distributing valve,and

throwing means for said valve including a pressure area on said valveeffective on fluid admission thereto to shift said valve to a positionfor effecting interruption of admissionI to the rear end of the cylinderand admission to the forward end of the latter and means for conductingpressure fluid from said cylinder bore to said pressure area on saidvalveat different times during the forward travel of the piston, saidmeans der having a bore, a hammer piston reciprocable in said bore, afluid actuated distributing valve, and throwing means for said valveincluding a pressure area on Said valve effective on fluid admissionthereto to shift said valve to a position for effecting `interruption ofadmissiony to the rear end of the cylinder and admission to the forwardend of the latter and means for'conducting pressure fluid `from saidcylinder bore directly to said pressure area ongsaid valve at dierentltimes during the forward travel of the piston, said means includingaplurality of passages having communication vvith the cylinder boreandrespectively initially uncovered by said piston at' different times inthe forward travel of the latter and means for controlling said pressurefluid conducting means including la rotary valve memberarrangedcoaxially with said distributing valve and having. passagesmeans communicable selectively with the passages communicating with thecylinder bore upon movement of the rotary valve into kdifferentpositions,

' and means for providingra restricted vent for said `pressure area alsoincluding passage means .on said rotary valve effective tovent saidpreso sure area when said rotary valve is in at least one o f itspositions for effecting earlier throw of said distributing valve. v

5.,In a pressure fluid hammer motor, a cylinder having a' bore, a`hammer piston reciprocable Ain said bore, a uid actuatedv distributingvalve,

and throwing means for said valve including a pressure area on saidvalve effective on fluid admission theretol to lshift said valve to aposi- `tion for effectinginterruption of admission to the rear end ofthe cylinder and admission to the forwardend ofthe latter and means forconducting pressure vfluid from said cylinder bore directly to `saidpressure area .on said valve at different times during the forward`travel of the piston, said means including a plurality of passageshaving communication with the cylinder bore and respectivelyinitiallyfuncovered by said piston at different times'in the forwardtravel of the piston-and Ameans for controlling said pressure fluidconducting means including a rotary valve member arranged coaxially withsaid distributing valve and having passage means communicableselectively with the passages communieating with said cylinder bore uponmovement cf said rotary valve into different positions, and

` means for providing a restricted vent for said pressure area includingpassage means on said rotary valve for venting said pressure area whensaid rotary valve is in any of its positions for effecting earlier throwof said distributing valve.

6. In al pressure fluid hammer motor, a cylinl.der having a bore, ahammer piston reciprocable in saidbore, a'fluid actuated distributingvalve,

and throwing means for said valve including a pressure area on saidvalve effective on fluid ad'-l mission thereto to shift said valve to aposition for effecting interruption of admission to the rear end ofthecylinder and admission to the forward end of the latter and means forconducting pressure fluid from said cylinder bore directly to saidpressure area at different times during the forward travel'ofv thepiston, said means including a pluralityA of passages havingcommunication with the cylinder bore and respectively initiallyuncovered kby vsaid piston at different times in the forward travel ofthe piston and means for controlling said pressure fluid conductingmeans including a passage with which said plurality of passages areselectively communicable, and means for restrictively venting saidpressure area when early throwing of said distributing valve is `to beeffected including a vent passage included in said controlling means.`

times during the forward travel of the piston,r

said means including a kplurality of passages having communication withthe cylinder bore and respectively initially uncovered by said piston atdifferent times in the forward travel of the piston and means forcontrolling said pressure fluid conducting means and including a movablevalve member arrangedA coaxially with said distributing valve forlselectively rendering said plurality of passages effective, and meansfor providing a restricted vent for said `area made eiective by saidmovable valve member when the latter is in at leastone position foreffecting earlier distributing valve throw.

8. In a pressure fluid hammer motor, a cylinder having a bore, a hammerpiston reciprocable in said bore, a fluid actuated distributing valve, v

and throwing means for said valve including a, pressure area on saidvalve eiective on fluid admission theretovto shift said valve to aposition for eiecting interruption of admission to the rear end of thecylinder and admission to the forward end of the latter and means forconducting pressure iiuid from the cylinder bore restricted vent forsaid pressure area when said valve is in at least one of its positionsfor effecting earlier throw of said distributing Valve, said lastmentioned means including passage means formed in said movable valvemember.`

ELMER G. GARTIN.

